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Mouse manipulation

At some point, you may find it useful to manipulate the location of the mouse cursor. Perhaps you are
designing an interactive tutorial, a walkthrough, or maybe you plan on controlling another application
through mouse events. Regardless, you will quickly find a number of hurdles to overcome and it is the
goal of this example to help you over, under, or around these hurdle

Assumes
First, a little bit of background about the mouse in general. Since the days of DOS, mouse drivers have reported their location in graphic applications by returning X/Y coordinates based up on a resolution independent coordinate system. This coordinate system neatly breaks the screen down into 65535 units on each axis. A unit of measurement in this system is known as a Mickey. This system was devised to insure that the specification for mouse drivers would be a lasting one, and that screen resolution would never overtake the resolution of the mouse driver. Why mention this? Well, the Win32 API function call which allows you to specify the location for the mouse wants the location provided in mickeys. And the first hurdle to overcome is converting screen coordinates to mouse coordinates. In order to make the coversion, we first need to get the screen's height and width with GetSystemMetrics. The GetScreenRes subroutine illustrates how this is done. Once the resolution of the display is known, we can convert the pixels returned by GetScreenRes into mickeys. There are four conversion routines included with this example, two to handle pixel conversions to mickeys (PixelXToMickey, PixelYToMickey), and two to handle mickey to pixel conversions (MickeyXToPixel, MickeyYToPixel). Now that we have conversion routines, we can actually do some work. Included with this example is CenterMouseOn, a function that will center the mouse cursor on anything that has an hWnd. An example of using this function to put the cursor over a commandbutton appears as: CenterMouseOn (command1.hWnd) If you need to move the mouse but don't have an hWnd to reference, the MouseMove function will allow you to specify an X/Y coordinate for the mouse cursor. And once it is moved, you can use the MouseFullClick function to simulate a mouseclick.

Side Effects
There are a series of mouse coordinate to screen coordinate routines included in this example. Due to rounding problems, it is quite likely that the calculations may be off by a pixel. If your application requires extremely precise pointer placement, you may want to develop or look for a more precise method. One of the uglier portions of this code are the mickey to pixel routines. They use a series of temporary singles to store values prior to being converted. This was done to improve the accuracy of the conversion, but even so, rounding errors continue to creep in. If you know of a better, more accurate way to accomplish the same task, I would appreciate hearing about it.

API Declarations
' ----------------------------------------------
' * MouseEvent Related Declares *
' ----------------------------------------------
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE = &H8000
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = &H2
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = &H4
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN = &H20
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP = &H40
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE = &H1
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN = &H8
Private Const MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP = &H10
Private Declare Sub mouse_event Lib "user32" (ByVal dwFlags As Long, _
ByVal dx As Long, ByVal dy As Long, ByVal cbuttons As Long, _
ByVal dwExtraInfo As Long)
' ----------------------------------------------
' * GetSystemMetrics Related Declares *
' ----------------------------------------------
Private Const SM_CXSCREEN = 0
Private Const SM_CYSCREEN = 1
Private Const TWIPS_PER_INCH = 1440
Private Const POINTS_PER_INCH = 72
Private Declare Function GetSystemMetrics Lib "user32" (ByVal nIndex _
As Long) As Long
' ----------------------------------------------
' * GetWindowRect Related Declares *
' ----------------------------------------------
Private Type RECT
Left As Long
Top As Long
Right As Long
Bottom As Long
End Type
Private Declare Function GetWindowRect Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd As Long, _
lpRect As RECT) As Long

' ----------------------------------------------
' * Internal Constants and Types *
' ----------------------------------------------
Private Const MOUSE_MICKEYS = 65535
Public Enum enReportStyle
rsPixels
rsTwips
rsInches
rsPoints
End Enum
Public Enum enButtonToClick
btcLeft
btcRight
btcMiddle
End Enum


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     ' Returns the screen size in pixels or, optionally,
     ' in others scalemode styles
     Public Sub GetScreenRes(ByRef X As Long, ByRef Y As Long, Optional ByVal _
       ReportStyle As enReportStyle)
       X = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN)
       Y = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN)
       If Not IsMissing(ReportStyle) Then
         If ReportStyle <> rsPixels Then
           X = X * Screen.TwipsPerPixelX
           Y = Y * Screen.TwipsPerPixelY
           If ReportStyle = rsInches Or ReportStyle = rsPoints Then
             X = X \ TWIPS_PER_INCH
             Y = Y \ TWIPS_PER_INCH
             If ReportStyle = rsPoints Then
               X = X * POINTS_PER_INCH
               Y = Y * POINTS_PER_INCH
             End If
           End If
         End If
       End If
     End Sub

     ' Convert's the mouses coordinate system to
     ' a pixel position.
     Public Function MickeyXToPixel(ByVal mouseX As Long) As Long
       Dim X As Long
       Dim Y As Long
       Dim tX As Single
       Dim tmouseX As Single
       Dim tMickeys As Single
       
       GetScreenRes X, Y
       tX = X
       tMickeys = MOUSE_MICKEYS
       tmouseX = mouseX
       
       MickeyXToPixel = CLng(tmouseX / (tMickeys / tX))
       
     End Function

     ' Converts mouse Y coordinates to pixels
     Public Function MickeyYToPixel(ByVal mouseY As Long) As Long
       Dim X As Long
       Dim Y As Long
       Dim tY As Single
       Dim tmouseY As Single
       Dim tMickeys As Single
       
       GetScreenRes X, Y
       tY = Y
       tMickeys = MOUSE_MICKEYS
       tmouseY = mouseY
       
       MickeyYToPixel = CLng(tmouseY / (tMickeys / tY))
       
     End Function

     ' Converts pixel X coordinates to mickeys
     Public Function PixelXToMickey(ByVal pixX As Long) As Long
       Dim X As Long
       Dim Y As Long
       Dim tX As Single
       Dim tpixX As Single
       Dim tMickeys As Single
       
       GetScreenRes X, Y
       tMickeys = MOUSE_MICKEYS
       tX = X
       tpixX = pixX
       
       PixelXToMickey = CLng((tMickeys / tX) * tpixX)
     End Function

     ' Converts pixel Y coordinates to mickeys
     Public Function PixelYToMickey(ByVal pixY As Long) As Long
       Dim X As Long
       Dim Y As Long
       Dim tY As Single
       Dim tpixY As Single
       Dim tMickeys As Single
       
       GetScreenRes X, Y
       tMickeys = MOUSE_MICKEYS
       tY = Y
       tpixY = pixY
       
       PixelYToMickey = CLng((tMickeys / tY) * tpixY)
     End Function

     ' The function will center the mouse on a window
     ' or control with an hWnd property. No checking
     ' is done to ensure that the window is not obscured
     ' or not minimized, however it does make sure that
     ' the target is within the boundaries of the
     ' screen.
     Public Function CenterMouseOn(ByVal hwnd As Long) As Boolean
       Dim X As Long
       Dim Y As Long
       Dim maxX As Long
       Dim maxY As Long
       Dim crect As RECT
       Dim rc As Long
       GetScreenRes maxX, maxY
       rc = GetWindowRect(hwnd, crect)
       
       If rc Then
         X = crect.Left + ((crect.Right - crect.Left) / 2)
         Y = crect.Top + ((crect.Bottom - crect.Top) / 2)
         If (X >= 0 And X <= maxX) And (Y >= 0 And Y <= maxY) Then
           MouseMove X, Y
           CenterMouseOn = True
         Else
           CenterMouseOn = False
         End If
       Else
         CenterMouseOn = False
       End If
     End Function

     ' Simulates a mouse click
     Public Function MouseFullClick(ByVal MBClick As enButtonToClick) As Boolean
       Dim cbuttons As Long
       Dim dwExtraInfo As Long
       Dim mevent As Long
       
       Select Case MBClick
         Case btcLeft
           mevent = MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN Or MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP
         Case btcRight
           mevent = MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN Or MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP
         Case btcMiddle
           mevent = MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN Or MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP
         Case Else
           MouseFullClick = False
           Exit Function
       End Select
       mouse_event mevent, 0&, 0&, cbuttons, dwExtraInfo
       MouseFullClick = True
       
     End Function

     Public Sub MouseMove(ByRef xPixel As Long, ByRef yPixel As Long)
       Dim cbuttons As Long
       Dim dwExtraInfo As Long
       
       mouse_event MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE Or MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE, _
         PixelXToMickey(xPixel), PixelYToMickey(yPixel), cbuttons, dwExtraInfo
     End Sub